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Chillies are so much more versatile than many people realise. While the chillies available in most supermarkets may taste quite similar, with equal levels of heat too, there are actually hundreds of different varieties that you could grow, with each one offering its own unique flavour. Whether you prefer eye-watering spice, mild heat with a touch of sweetness, or chillies that have a distinctively fruity taste, here’s how to get started with growing your own.
When to Sow – Jan-Apr
When to Plant – Apr-Jun
When to Harvest – Jul-Nov
Average Yield per Plant – 1kg
Spacing – 45cm
Depth – 10-15cm
Chillies are a warm-weather crop that need a long growing season in order to produce a substantial harvest.
While it’s easy enough to purchase potted chilli plants that you can continue to grow on yourself, growing chillies from seed isn’t difficult, and gives you access to so many more varieties.
Chillies need lots of light, as well as warm temperatures, in order to grow.
A greenhouse or polytunnel is ideal, although those in warmer regions can successfully grow chillies outdoors too.
Choose a growing spot that isn’t shaded by other plants, trees, or buildings. The exception to this would be if you’re in an exceptionally hot region – your chillies may need some shade from the afternoon sun to prevent them from burning.
Chillies do best in a rich, well-draining soil. A quality, general-purpose compost is ideal, especially if you mix in some perlite too to improve drainage.
If you’re planning on growing your chillies in a pot, then this is easy enough. However, for those growing their chillies outdoors, you’ll need to amend your garden soil with some quality compost to ensure that your chillies receive all of the nutrition that they need.
Chillies need as long a growing season as possible, which is why it’s best to start your seeds off in January or February.
Seeds can be sown in trays, but individual modules tend to be better. This means less root disturbance when you pot your chillies on.
Fill your modules with compost and then give the soil a bit of water. Place a chilli seed over the top of each module, and then cover with about 0.5cm of compost. Chillies need to be sown quite near to the surface of the soil in order for the seeds to properly germinate.
Water again and then place your trays in a warm location. A heated propagator is ideal – chilli seeds germinate best when kept at a temperature between 26-30°C.
If you don’t have a heated propagator, a warm location in your home will work too. However, if the temperature fluctuates throughout the day, keep in mind that germination may be erratic. Don’t allow temperatures to drop below 21°C.
Most chilli varieties take a couple of weeks to germinate. Some, especially the hotter varieties, can take up to a month, so be patient!
Keep your seed trays consistently moist during the germination process. However, don’t allow the soil to get too soggy, as this will inhibit germination.
Once your seedlings emerge, make sure that they have access to plenty of light. If not, they’ll turn leggy and weak, which will affect your final harvest. Sunny windowsills work well, but keep rotating your seed trays so that your seedlings receive light from all angles.
Once your chilli seedlings have a few sets of leaves, they’ll need more space, meaning a larger pot. 7cm pots usually work well at this stage.
Again, fill your pots with a quality compost and give them some water.
Then, gently remove each seedling from its module, taking care to disturb the roots as little as possible. Try to take as much soil as possible with you, as this will hold the roots in place.
Place each seedling into its new pot, planting them slightly deeper than they were previously. Just like tomatoes, chilli plants will produce roots along any part of its stem that’s touching the soil. Planting them deeper enables the plants to develop a larger and stronger root system.
Water in well after transplanting.
As your seedlings grow, you will need to continue potting them up. Do this at regular intervals until you’re ready to plant your chillies outside or in a greenhouse.
Unless you live in a hot climate, chillies do best when grown in a greenhouse or polytunnel. Still, if you have a sunny spot in your garden or vegetable bed, ideally one that’s sheltered from the wind, then growing chillies outside is still possible.
Wait a few weeks after your last frost, once temperatures have risen to a consistent minimum of 12ºC at night. Remember, the warmer the better for chillies.
Immediately moving from cosy indoor temperatures to harsh outdoor elements can send your chilli plants into shock, which is why you need to harden them off first.
To do this, move your potted chilli plants outdoors for a couple of hours, before bringing them back in. Continue to do this each day, slowly increasing the amount of time your plants spend outside over the course of a week or two.
After this, they’ll be ready to be planted out.
Make holes in your planting bed large enough to accommodate each chilli plant, along with as much soil as you can lift out with the plant too. Keep holes about 45cm apart.
Place each plant into a hole, planting at a slightly deeper level than they were in their pots. Cover over, gently firm down, and water.
If your greenhouse beds are in the ground, then follow the same steps above for hardening off (although do this in your greenhouse, rather than outside), and planting.
For those planning on growing chillies in pots in a greenhouse, then simply harden off in your greenhouse and then continue to pot your plant up as it grows.
Your final pot size will need to be around 10 litres, although this will vary depending on how large or small your specific chilli varieties are expected to grow.
Once planted, chilli plants are pretty easy to take care of, so long as you meet their basic needs:
Chilli plants need regular moisture, but they also enjoy slightly drier periods.
Water your chilli plants two to three times a week – this gives the soil a bit of time to dry out in between waterings. However, never allow the soil to fully dry out.
How often you water will depend on the weather, wind exposure, rainfall, humidity, pot size, and more, so regularly check soil moisture with your finger when establishing a watering schedule.
You can begin to fertilise your chilli plants a couple of weeks after potting them up for the first time.
Use a tomato fertiliser, as this provides chillies with all of the nutrients they need. The younger your plants are, the more you will need to dilute down your fertiliser solution.
Fertilise every two weeks, until your plants start to finish up for the season.
The amount of time between sowing to harvest depends on the variety of chilli you’re growing. However, this usually ranges between 80 to 120 days, with the first chillies usually ready for picking in July.
Chillies have quite a long harvesting season. They start off green before ripening to their final colour, which could be anything from red to orange to white, depending on variety. They can be picked from the green stage onwards, with green chillies usually having a much milder flavour than their riper alternatives.
As soon as your chillies are the colour and size that you want, you can harvest them by simply snipping them off at the top of their stem.
Don’t be tempted to leave your chillies on their plants for too long – the more you harvest, the more fruits your plants will produce.
There are a few different ways in which you can store your chilli harvest long-term:
Storing your fresh chillies in the fridge is another option, but this means that they will only keep for about a week and will need to be cooked with quickly.
Preparation and cooking methods will vary depending on the variety of chilli you’re growing, but a few common methods are:
Be aware that chillies contain a compound called capsaicin. This can really irritate the skin and the eyes, so be careful when handling your fresh chillies. Don’t touch your face until you have thoroughly washed your hands.
Here are a few of the most common problems that you may experience when growing chillies at home:
There are hundreds of chilli varieties out there, so pick the ones that best appeal to your needs:
Chillies are one of the most flavourful plants that you can grow at home. When properly cared for, a single chilli plant can produce a truly impressive harvest, giving you enough chillies to use throughout the year.
